Plant breeding is an ancient activity, dating to the very beginnings of agriculture. The new variety may have higher yield, improved grain quality, increased disease resistance, or be less prone to lodging. Unlike hybridization and selection, mutation breeding has the advantage of improving a defect in an otherwise elite. The aim of hybridization is to bring together desired traits found in different plant lines into one plant line via cross pollination. Plant breeding entails hybridization within a species as well as hybridization between species or even genera, called wide crosses. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved crop varieties for use by farmers. The first step is to generate homozygous inbred lines. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples in rice oryza sativa l. Norman borlaug laid foundations for green revolution. Definitiondefinition when a plant or animal is bred with a plant or animal from different stock, the process is known as hybridization 3. The most frequently employed plant breeding technique is hybridization. Applications of in vitro techniques in plant breeding.
Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples. Plant breeding history and methods statistical and biometrical techniques in plant breeding. The modern plant breeding programs have used molecular biology techniques and omics technologies. Plant tissue culture offers an array of techniques that complement conventional plant propagation and plant breeding methods. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. Mutation breeding is the purposeful application of mutations in plant breeding. Transgressive segregation is the production of plants in f2 generation that are superior to. Each f 1 plant is a potential source for a new clone. Hy bridization is purposefully employed in the breeding of domesticated plants to take advantage of transient hybrid vigor, move desirable variation among line.
Watch this video to know more about hybridization, types, objectives and methods to handle segmentation generations. For ages, plant breeders have relied on the genetic variability that results from sexually crossing plants within the same species. The techniques require skilled hands since the process involves the bringing of the stigma and poller of different plants together. Ordon abstract while hybrid breeding is widely applied in outbreeding species, for many. Pdf the doubled haploid system is the fastest way of hybrid variety production and plays an important role in breeding programs and developmental. In case of hybridization programme for selfpollinated crops, it is very much essential to emasculate the plant to avoid the selfpollination. The chief objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation, when two genotypically different plants are brought together in f 1. Jun 14, 20 quick glance videos aims to create presentation based short videos covering one topic at a time. The deployment of innovative breeding techniques will be a new tool to assist the conventional breeding techniques.
Hybridisation is a way of achieving highly uniform and productive varieties. The chief objective of hybridization is to create variation. The videos will have text, few examples and picture for students and teachers to get quick grasp. Its aim was to combine various desirable properties of many plants in one plant, instead of just choosing between good and bad plants. Biometrical techniques in plant breeding pdf download. Biosafety considerations for new plant breeding techniques content. Studying both the abundance and the evolutionary consequences of hybridization has deep historical roots in plant biology. Candidate having 23 years of working experience in hybrid breeding techniques and its operations, and if specifically, in pearl millet breeding will be preferred. This dossier explains all standard techniques used in modern plant breeding and why they have been. The modern method of plant breeding is carried out in the following steps.
Watch this video to know more about hybridization, types, objectives and methods to handle. Plant hybridization as an alternative technique in plant. Multiple choice quiz on plant breeding this quiz is designed to assess your understanding about the plant breeding. Assessment of potentials and constraints for development and use of plant biotechnology in relation to plant breeding and crop production in developing countries. Hybridization principles of plant genetics and breeding. Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. Withtheadvent of nextgeneration sequencing and the availability of genomic data sets has come a tide of interest in hybridization and introgression. In upland cotton, a cytoplasmic genomic interaction determining heterosis for seed cotton yield and boll number is reported. This procedure has been used for developing many improved varieties of sugarcane, potato etc. Breeding, embryo cultue, haploids, micropropagation, protoplasts, synthetic seed, transformation, wide hybridization.
Thus, the future of plant breeding is a challenging task. Improved clones of asexually propagating plants are selected and allowed to grow under conditions, which favour flowering and seed setting. Modern cytogenetic techniques j devi1, j m ko2 and b b seo3 1department of plant breeding and genetics, assam agricultural university, jorhat 785 0, india 2 national yeongnam agricultural experiment station, milyang 627, korea 3 department of biology, kyungpook national university. The paper was the result after years spent studying genetic traits in pisum sativum, the pea plant. Leibniz institute of plant genetics and crop plant research ipk, 06466, gatersleben, germany. Since then, the technology has developed considerably and now plays a key role in genetic engineering and crop improvement. Techniques of cytogenetics are useful in achieving wonderful results in plant breeding. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make. Taxonomic and commercial aspects of using species hybrids in breeding k. Germplasm the greatest service which can be rendered to any country is to add a useful plant to its culturethomas jefferson. Choose the best answer from the four options given. Hybridization technique with diagram plant breeding.
In case of selfpollinated crops two methods of breeding are used for attaining this objective. Aims and objectives of plant breeding plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. Introduction to plant breeding master gardener training. Growth should be vigorous improved appearance of plant 5. The flowers are highly fragrant and bloom continuously throughout the season. Mendel discovered the laws of heredity in the mid19th century.
Notes on concept of breeding techniques grade 12 biology. In modifying amd developing postgraduate course in genetics and plant breeding, emphasis has been given to keep a balance among major components like basic genetics, cytogenetics, plant breeding, quantitative genetics, molecular biology and biotechnology. Pdf for ages, plant breeders have relied on the genetic variability that results from sexually crossing plants within the same species. Fusarium head blight fhb, a fungal disease caused by fusarium species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. When the breeders wish to incorporate desired characters traits into the crop plants, they should increase yield and improve the quality. Hybridization techniques of fruits and flower crops. Number of f 1 crosses to make genetic issues in hybridization. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects.
To impart knowledge to the students on the principles and procedures of plant breedingin self and cross pollinated crops to develop the high yielding varieties hybrids 5. Dec 17, 2019 plant breeding and biometrics free download as powerpoint presentation. In the first one, plants are selected with desirable characters and elimination of undesirable characters occurs. When two genotypically different plants are crossed, the genes from both the parents are brought together in f l.
However, the variability that exists within species populations is inadequate, hence the need to exploit desirable traits of interest in distantly related or even unrelated plants through hybridization techniques. Removal of male sex organs or killing that part of the flower without any damage or disturbances to female reproductive organ is known as emasculation. When two genotypically different plants are crossed, the genes from both the parents are brought together in f. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding 2. In the pedigree method superior types are selected in successive generations, and a record is maintained of parentprogeny relationships.
For example, grain size, colour milling, baking quality in wheat. The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype is known as hybridization. Hybridization methods of plant breeding in crosspollinated crops. Get complete information on agricultural techniques 5 important techniques of management what are the techniques used for plant breeding.
Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. The following points highlight the five main steps of hybridization technique. Types of populations generated through hybridization. Against this background, technical discussions focused on hybrid rice breeding, distant hybridization, modified bulk population methods, mutation breeding, and finally on innovative approaches such as tissue culture. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. During the 20th century planned hybridization between carefully selected parents has become dominant in the breeding of selfpollinated species. Pdf plant hybridization as an alternative technique in. The latter are important for generating genetic variability or for incorporating a desirable gene not available within a species. Successful commercial plant breeding concerns were founded from the late 19th century. There are barriers, however, for accomplishing interspecific and intergeneric crosses.
It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Disappearance of land races due to introduction of high yielding varieties. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what. Segregation and recombination produce many new gene combinations in f 2 and the later generations, i. Hybridization is purposefully employed in the breeding of domesticated plants to take advantage of transient hybrid vigor, move desirable variation among lineages, and generate novel phenotypes.
An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable. Hybridization technique in plant, plant breeding chapter 10. Tissueculture techniques are part of a large group of. So, to overcome this problems plant breeding can be the best solution. In the latter part of the 18th century and the early. Since, with the help of plant breeding, plant with a better production both in quality and quantity can be obtained. Meaning of hybridization individual produced as a result of cross between two genetically different parents is known as hybrid. Parental lines of cross pollinators have to be inbred for a number of generations to. Additionally somatic hybridization is used in citrus scion and citrus root stock improvement grosser et al. The state of the science varies from country to country, from. Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. This type of mutation breeding accelerated after world war ii when techniques from the blossoming nuclear age became widely available.
The object of hybridization is to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce purebreeding progeny superior in many respects to the parental types. Desirable clones are crossed together and the hybrids are multiplied by cloning. Variability forms the root of all breeding practices. Fibl plant breeding techniques 20 1 5 breeding steps using the example of tomato simpli. Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the early 20th century. In the 1920s, research began that produced increased numbers of mutations and variations with the use of xrays. Plant breeding developed as a science only after rediscovery of mendals laws. Here, we cloned the fhb resistance gene fhb7 based on assembling the genome of thinopyrum elongatum, a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding. Learn more about the uses and methods of plant breeding. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant.
Hybridization methods of plant breeding in vegetatively propagated crops. Introduction to plant breeding definition, examples. Interspecific hybridization of plants and resistance to herbivores. Probably soon after the earliest domestications of cereal grains, humans began to recognize degrees of excellence among the. Hybridization aims, objectives and types of hybridization objective of hybridization. Knight applied hybridization to develop several new fruit varieties. Continuous blooming free flowering or recurrent blooming 2. Plant breeding further advanced when the methodology of hybridization was developed. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Interspecific hybridization of plants and resistance to.
Hybridization aims, objectives and types of hybridization. Jan 28, 2019 hybridization technique in plant, plant breeding chapter 10. Hybridization method of crop improvement biology discussion. The potential of these methods and techniques is great. Pdf plant hybridization as an alternative technique in plant. On longer evolutionary time scales, hybridization can lead to local adaption through the introgression of novel alleles and transgressive segregation and, in some cases, result in the formation of new hybrid species. Plant breeding programs can be divided into two groups including classical and modern plant breeding. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. Multiple choice quiz on plant breeding biology multiple. New hybridization techniques a discontinuous galerkin method section 6 or by developing new hybridization techniques for a classical mixed method section 7. Hybrid corn history, development and selection considerations. The object of hybridization is to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce pure breeding progeny superior in many respects to the parental types. In order to exploit hybrid vigour, hybridization between two chosen inbred parents can be resorted to produce f 1 hybrids. Crop improvement through tissue culture aggie horticulture.
Classical plant breeding includes hybridization crossing of pure lines, artificial selection to produce plants with desirable characters of higher yield, nutrition and resistance to diseases. Goulet, federico roda, and robin hopkins department of organismic and evolutionary biology, harvard university, cambridge, massachusetts. Fairchild was responsible for bringing the cherry trees from japan to d. Plant breeding methods 1 plant breeding methods additional new reference george acquaah. Horizontal gene transfer of fhb7 from fungus underlies. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. Plant breeding definition, methods, steps and videos. This decisionmaking is important to develop a framework for organic plant breeding and facilitate investment by breeding companies. The plant breeder must have a clear idea about the plants which he wants to use. With the advent of nextgeneration sequencing and the availability of genomic data sets has come a tide of interest in hybridization and introgression. Dec 03, 2017 hybridization techniques in flowers 16. Hybridization and selfpollination are important aspects of research. Types of hybridization on the basis of cell type involve in crossing over 2.
This quiz is designed to assess your understanding about the plant breeding. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. Breeding hybrid cotton heterosis in seed cotton yield and boll number results mainly due to nonadditive dominance and epistatic gene action, both in interspecific and intraspecific diploid crosses. Hybridization aims, objectives and types of hybridization objective of hybridization the chief objective of hybridization is to create variation. Fruit breeding is an ancient technology with dynamic current technology and an exciting future janick and moore, 1975, 1996. Normally, the parents chosen for the cross are vigorous and healthy. Hybridization techniques of fruits and flower crops 1. Breeding, biotechnology and molecular tools, doi 10. History and development of plant breeding scientific contributions of eminent scientists landmarks in plant breeding 3. When youve finished answering as many of the questions as you can, scroll down to the bottom of the page and check your answers by clicking score. In its broadest sense, fruit breeding refers to the purposeful genetic improvement of fruit crops through various techniques including selection, hybridization, mutation induction, and molecular techniques. Read pdf principles and methods of plant breeding principles and methods of plant breeding as recognized, adventure as without difficulty as experience more or less lesson, amusement, as capably as arrangement can be gotten by just checking out a ebook principles and methods of plant breeding next it is not directly done, you. Plant breeding is the genetic improvement of the crop in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistant. Hybridization is purposefully employed in the breeding of domesticated plants to take advantage of transient hybrid vigor, move desirable variation among lineages, and generate novel.
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